The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a series of challenges on the scientific community. One of the biggest was the development of safe and effective vaccines in record time, which could be achieved through a global effort. A topic of great discussion has been the technology surrounding these vaccines: ranging from the well-known inactivated virus vaccines to the latest RNA vaccines. As vaccines became available, another point also came into question: their efficacy and effectiveness...

CONCLUSION: Current findings concluded that the prevalence of GAD among mothers attending perinatal service during COVID-19 was high. The covariates like being town resident, lower-income status, occupation status, having a chronic illness, having a positive family history of anxiety or mood disorder, perceived social support, and fear of the COVID-19 were significantly associated with generalized anxiety disorder among mothers. Mothers who visit perinatal services should be given special...

PURPOSE: It is aimed to evaluate the effect of hopelessness on the perceived partner behaviors during Covid-19 pandemic process in Turkey.

CONCLUSIONS: Kodecytes can be used to rapidly create in-house simulated yet realistic antibody screening and identification panels suitable for large scale training in the recognition and grading of serologic reactions.

With the increasing popularity of social networking platforms, it serves a greater purpose that is no longer contained simply as a means of social leisure. Social networking sites (SNSs) form and maintain social interactions. Various phenomena revolve around how this usage is associated with certain behaviors, such as keeping social ties online and affecting well-being. It is vital to understand how SNSs may affect users differently during this time, viewing this in the context of the COVID-19...

Background Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, and it is a potential key factor to maintain a healthy status. Various observational studies have reported the association between vitamin D deficiency and an elevated risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancers. The number of studies that investigated the genetic determinants of vitamin D hydroxy metabolism has been growing, still, its association with the genetic variants remains unclear,...

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected clinical trials across disease areas, raising the questions how interpretable results can be obtained from impacted studies. Applying the estimands framework, analyses may seek to estimate the treatment effect in the hypothetical absence of such impact. However, no established estimators exist. This simulation study, based on an ongoing clinical trial in patients with Tourette syndrome, compares the performance of candidate estimators for estimands including...

Current medical approaches to control the Covid-19 pandemic are either to directly target the SARS-CoV-2 via innovate a defined drug and a safe vaccine or indirectly target the medical complications of the virus. One of the indirect strategies for fighting this virus has been mainly dependent on using anti-inflammatory drugs to control cytokines storm responsible for severe health complications. We revealed the discovery of novel fused pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as promising antioxidant and...

Nucleotide/nucleoside analogs (NAs) are important compounds used in antiviral drug development. To understand the action mode of NA drugs, we present an enzymology protocol to initially evaluate the intervention mechanism of the NTP forms of NAs on a coronaviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). We describe the preparation of SARS-CoV-2 RdRP proteins and RNA constructs, followed by a primer-dependent RdRP assay to assess NTP forms of NAs. Two representative NA drugs, sofosbuvir and...

The apparent uncertainty associated with shedding patterns, environmental impacts, and sample processing strategies have greatly influenced the variability of SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in wastewater. This study evaluates the use of a new normalization approach using human RNase P for the logic estimation of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in wastewater. SARS-CoV-2 variants outbreak was monitored during the circulating wave between February and August 2021. Sewage samples were collected from five major...

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has spread worldwide. This study summarized the transmission mechanisms of COVID-19 and their main influencing factors, such as airflow patterns, air temperature, relative humidity, and social distancing. The transmission characteristics in existing cases are providing more and more evidence that SARS CoV-2 can be transmitted through the air. This investigation reviewed probabilistic...

The vaccine development for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is primarily focused on structure of the spike (S) protein. The heavy glycosylation of S with flexible hinges at stalk shields from antibodies. The flexible nature of hinges may be one of the important factors which are responsible for binding the odorant receptor of those neurons which are responsible for the loss of smell in patients with COVID-19 infection. In this study strong and stable bond formation...

In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic declared in March 2020, widespread vaccination protocols were initiated to mitigate the severity and spread of COVID-19. Although COVID-19 vaccines have been generally considered safe, adverse events post-vaccination have been reported, including the development of demyelinating disease. We report a rare case of de novo aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in an 80-year-old man following BNT162b SARS-CoV-2 vaccination to raise...

CONCLUSIONS: Transplant recipients compared with the general population have much lower rates of seroconversion upon receiving COVID-19 vaccines. Immunosuppressants are the most prominent factors associated with seroconversion, although different types may have differential effects.

The exhalation of aerosols during musical performances or rehearsals posed a risk of airborne virus transmission in the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous research studied aerosol plumes by only focusing on one risk factor, either the source strength or convective transport capability. Furthermore, the source strength was characterized by the aerosol concentration and ignored the airflow rate needed for risk analysis in actual musical performances. This study characterizes aerosol plumes that account...

CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis showed that elevated LDH was associated with a poor outcome in COVID-19.