COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular diseases who are at higher risk of progressing to critical illness should be treated with Paxlovid. Ritonavir, the booster in Paxlovid, modulates multiple drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, complicating its use in real-world clinics. We aimed to apply physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling to simulate the complex drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of ritonavir with two anticoagulants, rivaroxaban and racemic warfarin, to address this...

CONCLUSION: Evidence on the impact of different situations in which individuals are subjected to social isolation can assist in the development of directed preventive strategies to support people under similar circumstances. Such strategies might increase the compliance of the general public to social distancing as a non-pharmacological intervention for emerging infectious diseases.

Flaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) that have been recently considered among the significant public health problems in defined geographical regions. In this line, there have been vaccines approved for some flaviviruses including dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), although the efficiency of such vaccines thought to be questionable. Surprisingly, there are no effective vaccine for many other...

We compare several popular methods of estimating the basic reproduction number, R0, focusing on the early stages of an epidemic, and assuming weekly reports of new infecteds. We study the situation when data is generated by one of three standard epidemiological compartmental models: SIR, SEIR, and SEAIR; and examine the sensitivity of the estimators to the model structure. As some methods are developed assuming specific epidemiological models, our work adds a study of their performance in both a...

Military clinicians face unique ethical challenges in conflict zones, particularly if conflict reaches a health care setting. Although the ethical challenges of rationing and triaging while fulfilling obligations to individual patients are not dissimilar to those civilian clinicians encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic, military clinicians must also meet national security and mission requirements. Conflicting clinical care, mission, and individual conscience obligations can cause moral...

This study explored older adults' preventive behaviors during the pandemic. A sample of 2982 community-dwelling older adults was extracted from the United States National Health and Aging Trends Study. Results showed that number of preventive behaviors was decreased with rundown neighborhood and age; but increased with Blacks, Hispanics, other ethnic minorities, income, female, number of persons in household, social cohesion, social network, family/peer support, severity of COVID-19 symptoms,...

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has devastated the United States for forty years. Though there are highly effective treatments for HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) today, the early years of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in New York City (NYC) were filled with uncertainty, fear, and death-not unlike the period we are now experiencing in the COVID-19 era. Existing scholarship captures the political discourse of the HIV/AIDS era and the narratives of physicians who specialized in...

The current study assessed the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on resilience among Chinese adolescents and explored its influential factors. A total of 2,359 students were recruited from three middle schools through cluster randomization in Chengdu. Data were collected before and after home confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Resilience, family function, and effect of the pandemic were measured using subscales of the Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale,...

INTRODUCTION: The urgent need to acquire medical supplies amidst the COVID-19 pandemic has led to bypassing of controls that govern the global pharmaceutical supply chain, increasing the risk of corruption. Hence, promoting anti-corruption, transparency and accountability (ACTA) in supply chain and procurement has never been more important. The adoption of digital tools, if designed and implemented appropriately, can reduce the risks of corruption.

Team Lavender, a coordinated response team addresses the spiritual, emotional, and psychological needs of healthcare workers following adverse events and accumulated stress, including Covid-19. Proven to be a valuable peer-to-peer support team in reducing stress levels. Team Lavender is modeled from Code Lavender in the United States. This article addresses the background to justify the need of Team Lavender, its' significance in a regional acute care setting, and justification for implementing...

Health care professional's knowledge is essential to contain epidemics. This research aimed to evaluate the knowledge of Brazilian health care professionals regarding COVID-19 to analyze whether there is a difference in knowledge between professionals in Primary Health Care and those in other levels of care or not; and to identify factors associated with knowledge. This is a cross-sectional study, including 716 participants who answered an online questionnaire between April and May 2020....

The study aimed to determine the relationship between physical activity and eating behaviours among the physical therapy students of various physical therapy institutes of Rawalpindi/Islamabad during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted from September 2020 to February 2021. It was a cross sectional co-relational survey of a total of 209 physical therapy students, and the sampling technique was purposive sampling. Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) Questionnaire and International Physical...

CONCLUSIONS: In participants with cirrhosis, vaccine-induced immunity is associated with reduced risk of developing COVID-19, compared to infection-induced immunity.

CONCLUSION: The group's combined clinical expertise and support of frontline nurses positioned the clinical nurse specialist to rapidly escalate the bedside nurse's concerns and provide recommendations to improve workflow while maintaining patient and staff safety.

India experienced a massive surge in SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths during April to June 2021 despite having controlled the epidemic relatively well during 2020. Using counterfactual predictions from epidemiological disease transmission models, we produce evidence in support of how strengthening public health interventions early would have helped control transmission in the country and significantly reduced mortality during the second wave, even without harsh lockdowns. We argue that enhanced...

Recent evidence suggests that both personality traits (PT) and emotion regulation (ER) strategies play an important role in the way people cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was two folded. First, to longitudinally investigate the psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and stress levels) taking in consideration PT and ER strategies in 3 different moments: during the first lockdown period (April/20), at the first deconfinement (May/20) and 1-month after the first...